Teaching and Learning Techniques free essay sample

Teaching Environment I am currently teaching the BTEC Sport: Performance and Excellence (level 3) to eleven full time students. The course content is competency based and focuses predominately on the psychomotor domain. Topic: Balanced Diet Lesson Plan 3 (please see appendix 1) Theory: Blooms Taxonomy When investigating the possible theories that could be applicable to the course content that I am currently delivering it became apparent that there was a possible synergy between Bloom taxonomy of learning (cognitive domain) and Sports Nutrition unit, which has both theoretical and practical content. How does theory potentially impact on learner achievement? The cognitive domain (Bloom, 1956) involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills. This includes the recall or recognition of specific facts, procedural patterns, and concepts that serve in the development of intellectual abilities and skills. http://www. nwlink. com There are six major categories, starting with the lowest order process and progressing to the most complex. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching and Learning Techniques or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Production of a lesson plan incorporating all six stages will offer learners the opportunity of achieving distinction level in the BTEC unit. I introduced the theory into a lesson plan based on creating a balanced diet and was able to identify progressive activities for each stage of Blooms cognitive domain. Some input on sources of nutrition had been delivered in the previous learning so entry level behaviour was confirmed through an introductory activity. All developmental activities were delivered in short time spans with 20 minutes being the longest. Learning was confirmed after each stage using a range of assessment methods. The latter increased in complexity as the lesson content moved from knowledge to application. The first stage focuses on knowledge and what the learner is able to remember. They can exhibit memory of previously-learned materials by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts and answers. The first assessment activity in the lesson required students to complete gapped hand-outs on a variety of food. For the second stage learners were asked to compare Nutrients and Non nutrients and when the differences had been identified; provide examples of foods for each heading this enabled them to demonstrate understanding of nutritional facts. In order to achieve the level required for Application students were required o use their new knowledge and produce a food pyramid. The task required extrapolation of relevant existing information and reconstruction to provide a visual diagram of balanced dietary needs. The remaining stages of Blooms taxonomy could only be completed in independent study time. The first assignment focused on the process of analysis and was mandatory for students. They were asked to analyse the vitamin and nutritional content of a range of foods that may be relevant to a sports performer. The relationship between different foods in maximising energy was also to be investigated. To encourage synthesis learners were asked to design a food log that can be used to record daily food and fluid intake. To demonstrate skills of evaluation students were required to select t s trom each group and plan a breakfast lunch and dinner. How does theory encourage individual learning? Individual learning was encouraged as the stages of analysis; synthesis and evaluation were given as 3 assignments to be completed independently. Successful completion of all assessment activities and the production of a summary report on vitamins and nutrients contained in a selection of foods (analysis) enabled learners o achieve a pass in the topic. Successful Completion of the remaining two assignments would move them up to merit and then distinction grades. How does theory facilitate group learning? There was some pair work and small group research but as this theory focuses on six stages of sequential progress it may be that group work is only viable in the lower order processes. How does theory embed elements of functional skills? To fulfil all stages of Blooms taxonomy within the chosen unit English, ICT and maths would be embedded. How does theory promote an inclusive learning environment? Students followed stages at the same time during the lesson. No restrictions were placed on types of food that could be researched, allowing student with differing diets and consequently different prior knowledge to be fully included. 654 words) Topic: Sports Drink Research Lesson Plan 7 (please see appendix 2) Theory: Experiential learning The emphasis in this unit is on encouraging learners to utilise the theoretical aspects of energy requirements, meal planning and hydration and then to contextualise these points for a named sports performer. This will include considering factors such s age, gender, training schedules, competition requirements and specific body measurements, in order to devise a realistic plan. The experiential learning cycle gives learners a clear s tructure and facilitates linkage between the theoretical and practical aspects of learning. How does theory potentially impact on learner achievement? Depending upon the situation or environment, the learners may enter the learning cycle at any point and will best learn the new task if they practice all four modes. As the BTEC course content requires theoretical understanding and practical application t was possible to construct a lesson plan using the Honey and Mumford cycle containing four stages of learning: having an experience, reviewing the experience, concluding from the experience and planning the next steps. All students had completed Gardners multiple intelligences questionnaire at the start of the course but as this focused on the VAK learning styles I asked them to complete the short version of the Honey and Mumford questionnaire. Analysis of the questionnaires showed that all four learning styles were covered in the student group, although the majority fell into the activist or pragmatist categories. The lesson content focused on Hydration and the Sports Performer. The objectives of the lesson were to explain the importance of sports drinks during sport and fluid intake needs, make isotonic / hypertonic and hypotonic sports drinks, identify which sporting activities different drinks can be used for and produce a poster on hydration and sports activities. The initial lesson activity was a recap on the previous session which nad tocused on the principles of hydration. A question and answer session established the entry level behaviour and confirmed that students had the underpinning knowledge required or the current lesson. The beginning of the learning cycle content was a practical activity designed to engage the activists at the start of the lesson. They were asked to make 3 types of sports drink and then taste to see if they could tell the difference. A hand out containing recipes and underpinning knowledge for the types of drink was given at this stage so that reflectors had the written input at the same time. This was followed by a discussion on the importance of sports drink and fluid intake needs, supported by the hand-out on the topic. The aim was to engage the reflectors who ike to start with investigation or observation before making any commitment. Data and analysis helps reflectors comprehend the different angles and perspectives so statistical information was provided in the written information. In order to develop the subject and to accommodate theorists, learners were asked Identify which sporting activities different drinks can be used for and then plan sports drinks for 3 different sports. In the fourth stage of the lesson a range of commercial sports drinks were provided and students asked to identify which group the drink belonged too. This required analysis and categorisation of each product enabling the pragmatists to apply their new knowledge in a task orientated way. The final activity was production of a poster on hydration and sports activities. As this would form part of their assignment on hydration and sports performance a draft version was completed during the lesson. This allowed the learners to consolidate their learning in an inclusive environment and with group support. How does theory encourage individual learning? It engages the learner at a more personal level by addressing the needs and wants of the individual. Experiential learning requires qualities such as self-initiative and self- evaluation. Despite having the same learning experience, each individual will construct an individual meaning that is in part related to their learning preferences. How does theory facilitate group learning? Honey and Mumfords learning cycles worked well in the classroom setting as all learning preferences were covered. Different learning styles are effective during group research as it increases the potential for all aspects of the research to be covered. How does theory embed elements of functional skills? Opportunities for personal, learning and thinking skills are embedded in the learning theory and lesson content. Creative thinkers, Reflective learners and Self-managers will develop skills by planning a hydration plan for a selected sports performer for a selected sports activity. (746 words) EVALUATION Feedback From Students (4. 2): l really enjoyed this unit, especially getting the opportunity to make our own isotonic drinks. However, tots of written work meant I found it difficult to absorb all the information. One of the most interesting things was finding out about my learning tyle, now that know I am a kinaesthetic learner it makes a lot more sense why I enjoy the practical sessions so much more. l liked the plan, do, review type working as I found it helped me understand the process better. Evaluation of teaching theories and strategies used (4. 2, 4. 3): The use of Blooms taxonomy of learning for the cognitive domain fits in well with the structure of a BTEC and the multiple grade options. It was difficult to apply the levels within a single lesson but would be suitable for use over an entire unit with a longer period of time for development. The ontent of the sports nutrition unit focuses on students developing a broad knowledge the subject matter and its relationship to sports performance. Several of the units that I delivered at the beginning of the year were more linear in structure and would be a better choice as students focus on developing a particular skill to the highest standard possible. Experiential learning worked well in the lesson and the learners responded in a positive way. By providing direct experience in addition to standard written and visual materials, learners with different types of learning styles nd strengths were accommodated. I would use this learning model in future to ensure that teaching activities give tull value to each stage ot the curriculum. Personal Strengths (4. ): Due to my business background I found using Experiential Learning relatively easy to implement within the framework of the Sports Nutrition unit. By encouraging students to follow the process of the four stages of learning within this model they quickly learnt to analyse their work and this enhanced the amount of learning that took place. I also found that I was able to de liver the practical elements of the unit, uch as making an isotonic drink, in a fun, engaging way, which saw the students engage in some principles of science in such a way I have not seen before. Personal Areas for Improvement (4. ): I was not happy with the way in which I delivered the lesson on Balanced Diet, using Blooms Taxonomy. I found it difficult to grasp when I should use which stage for optimum effect and this lead to me trying to cram them all in. On reflection I need to enhance my understanding of Blooms Taxonomy and consider which lessons to use it in more carefully. APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 Unit 11: Sports nutrition Lesson plan 7 Class: BTEC Performance and Excellence Time available: 2 hours Date: Topic: Sports drinks research Expected entry behaviour: Learners will be able to conduct independent research and produce written guidance notes. Objectives: Learners will be able to: 1 . explain the importance of sports drinks during sport and fluid intake needs 2. make isotonic / hypertonic and hypotonic sports drinks 3. Identify which sporting activities different drinks can be used for 4. Produce a poster on hydration and sports Time Teacher activity Student activity Resources Assessment Introduction 5m Health and safety Recap on previous session activities Objectives of lesson Hand out on hydration ENG MAT Development Ihr 30m Sports drinks research lesson 7 20m Tutor to provide ingredients and equipment. groups of students each type of drink. 20m importance of sports drink and fluid intake needs 20m Identify which sporting activities different drinks can be used for. 20m A range of sports drinks to be provided students to identify which group it belongs too. 40m, Example ot general hydration poster to be shown Make a sports drink. Students try drinks from each group Discussion on types of sport drink Individual work P lan sports drinks for 3 different sports small group research select a drink and analyse content.

Balkan War essays

Balkan War essays Genocide marked history in the wake of the 1990s, and in the aftermath of the Cold War it affected a dim place that was dubbed by history as the Òpowder kegÓ of Eastern Europe The destruction of Yugoslavia came deep within its core, the cancer that had slowly eaten its way to the top was put there centuries ago. The violence surfaced when Independence movemen ts in former Yugoslavia caused conflicts between ethnic groups of Serb, Bosnian and Croat forces, reaching its climax in the summer of 1991. ÒAlthough Yugoslavia was no stranger to ethnic hate and genocide, what occurred in the summer of 1991 was the largest and most gruesome occurrence of mass murder since World War 2.Ó (Ricciuti, 1993) The term Òethnic cleansingÓ had emerged in the world at the height of the troubles in former Yugoslavia. The ÒcleansingÓ consisted of mass termination of people based on age, sex and religion. The roots of turmoil between the ethnic groups can be traced back to centuries old conflicts over power and territory among the several small nations that had ma de up the former republic. But could the personal interests of former leaders of those areas have caused this war? What about religion? ÒPerhapsÒ, is the answer of many who have documented the war. While politicians argued over the ownership rights of each territory within Yugoslavia, masses of bodies were piling up. ÒBy summer of 1992, at least 10,000 people were killed, by the end of the war estima tes were up to more than 50,000. Thousands of others were wounded, and over 2 million others became refugees.Ó (Ricciuti, 1993) After the body count, many were not convinced that politics and religion had much to do with the hate that was bottled up inside the groups involved. It was much deeper than that, and it seems as though everyone had someone or something to avenge. The motivational goals of corrupt and greedy politicians were only the tip of the iceberg. It is cl...

Business Propostion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Propostion - Research Paper Example The use of social networking websites increased with the innovation of gadgets. The study will lay emphasis on how the management of Stone Goose can utilize the benefits of social media tools for the smooth execution of marketing activities. Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Table of Contents 7 Introduction 12 Value Added Benefit of Social Media Marketing Tools 17 Usage of Social Marketing Platforms 22 Implementation of Social Media Platforms 27 Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud Model 32 Incorporating Social Media Policy 37 Conclusion 40 Introduction Social networking is defined as an online community that allows people to develop profiles of their backgrounds and interests, communicate with friends and strangers, and share thoughts, photos, Internet links, music etc (Vermaat & Shelly 2006).The utility of the social media tools is prevalent and websites like Facebook, Twitter and Linked In are gaining recognition because of its usage by billions of people worldwide for professi onal and personal uses. The business organizations are developing several social media policies which help providing new opportunities to the organization for networking and attracting new clients, recruitment and marketing of services and promotion of brands with minimum of financial commitment. Many organizations encourage the use of social media in most of the marketing activities but they are also aware of the benefits of social media are associated with huge number of risks. These organizations actively encourage the usage of sales of business development and also branding of marketing and services. Social media policy helps in setting out standards that an organization expects from the employees while their usage of social media marketing for various online media marketing activities. The social media policies serves purposeful and acts like a guidance for the employers and employees in helping them to distinguish in the course of employment and also help in setting out the di fferent course of actions which can lead to possible consequences which help the employees in breaching the policy. The benefits of the social media marketing tools will help in marking out new business development ideas which will outweigh the risks associated with each of the project. The organizations will recognize the risks associated with the organization and give a certain level of protection for their marketing activities. Value Added Benefit of Social Media Marketing Tools The marketing mix will serve purposeful in construction of planning and implementation of social marketing programs which is designed specifically to encourage the behavioral change. Price, place, product and promotional activities are some of the important central elements which are pivotal for social marketing campaigns and help in reaching out to a desired social media target and also come to a unified social media decision (Merrill, Kenneth, Navetta & Santalesa, 2010). The new communication model help s in giving the social marketers a challenge to reach the desired target and goals. The new form of communication model gives the social marketer an opportunity and also a platform to attain a desired target. The new communication model facilitates uniformed managerial decision making and also helps them in arriving at a unified critical decision points. These critical points allow the social market

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Business Strategy - Essay Example In order to understand the basic culture of Salim Group, it is necessary to trace its history. The understating of internal culture of the Group is important for assessing its rapid success in the domestic and international markets. Soedono Salim, the founder of Salim started his own trading company that used to deal in commodities like cloves and coffee with the prevailing leading companies of Indonesia. Besides he also partnered Indonesian army by supplying goods. In this period, he got acquainted with the future President of Indonesia, Suharto who was then an ambry office. The key success factor for the rapid growth of Salim Group was his contacts and close relationship with ruling political party. Since its inception, Soedono Salim took opportunists’ approach for achieve organizational success and it tried to capture many new business having greater opportunities in term of profitability in long run. When, Soedono Salim handed over the business to his son Anthony Salim, he has also taken the similar approach like his father. After the Asian Financial Crisis of 1990s, the Salim Group was severely hit and most of holding companies were given to the Government in order to pay off its huge debt. This period of crisis was the toughest for the Salim Group since its inception, and the fall of President Suharto made the things worse for the Salim Group. ... Capturing new business opportunities is highly challenging and it requires regaining the financial strengths for the Salim Group. Hence, the after the crisis period, Anthony Salim starts looking for the new business opportunities on the axis between Australia, ASEAN and China. The opportunities available in these areas are different from each other due to difference in macro-economic factors like political, economic, technology etc. In this respect, the primary objective for Anthony Salim is to understand the distinct feature of business opportunities in the different areas. Along with the identification of the opportunities, accurate understanding of prevailing challenges and threats are inevitable and vital for business success. A comprehensive marketing research is also helpful in understating the business opportunities by focusing on the four major macro-economic factors i.e. political, economic, socio-cultural and technology (Srinivasan, 2008, p.181). Among the Asian and other c lose economy to Indonesia, the Salim group finds the Australia, China and ASEAN economies as one of the most attractive markets in terms of new business opportunities. For entering into these new international markets, the business strategy must be unique and dedicated to the specific economy. International strategy should always be different from the domestic business. International markets contain a number industry and trade barriers that must be overcome, and simultaneously, it is necessary to cope up with the prevailing culture of the business and market (Segal-Hor and Faulkner, 1999, p.3). Salim Group also decides to take different strategic move for its target regions and countries i.e. Australia, China and ASEAN. In this regard, Salim Group has realized the

Application of Technology in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Application of Technology in Education - Essay Example However, despite the benefits of education in our daily lives, there have been numerous discussions regarding the real impact of technology such as use of computers, laptops, smartphone and other devices that have replaced the conventional classroom environment, and whether such technological investments in classrooms result in more informed and educated students compared to conventional teaching. Therefore, despite technology having enhanced our abilities and transformed performance in most sectors, continued use of technology in classrooms has resulted in poor quality of education and beats the real essence of education. Quality education has to enhance knowledge and understanding among students. However, the sue of computers requires that students do not synthesize the basics, but only apply already made applications to obtain results, oblivious of the implication the results obtained, or the principle behind such formula used to obtain results. Devine (1999) asserts that a good education will mainly focus on laying the necessary foundation for knowledge and skills in the early stages of education, which would promote the much needed knowledge and understanding among students as the essence of education. Computers deny students to learn the foundation principles of concepts, but will only allow the student to apply an already synthesized principle, which they do not understand. This denies them knowledge. It makes it hard to have other Bill Gates, or Michael Dells who used the basic foundation of principles to come up with great inventions. Technology will in most cases affect student’s ability and participation. The ability and strengths of an individual are well identified when they are involved in creative processes, where ingenuity and creativity have to be applied in any field. Therefore, as Devine (1999) argues students have to learn how to look for materials in order to showcase their abilities in different

Comparative Analysis Of Hobbes Locke And Rousseau Philosophy Essay

Comparative Analysis Of Hobbes Locke And Rousseau Philosophy Essay Hobbess, Lockes and Rousseaus imagination of the Social Contract. Social Contract Theory, is one of the oldest philosophical theories on the origin of state .The original inspiration for this notion is said to have derived from the bible, covenant between God and Abraham and later by the Socrates in Greece  [1]  , but it is mostly brought up by the writings of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The social contract is moral and/or political obligation dependent upon a contract or agreement between the people to form society. The social contract theory has three main stages of progression, namely- state of nature, contract or covenant and civil society. These three stages provide the basic differences between the theories of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. THOMAS HOBBES THEORY OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English philosopher and political thinker. The English civil war became the back drop for all his writings. In the context of a number of overlapping conflicts Hobbes wrote various versions of his political theory, begning with The elements of Law (1630s),De Cive(1642),and Leviathan (1651).  [2]   According to Hobbes, the state of nature represented the interactions of human beings with each other in the absence of any kind of relations of political authority. In other words the state of nature represented a state of war. Hobbes believed that the human beings in the state of nature were concerned only with their desires  [3]  . The human nature here was selfish. No person was superior over the other. Hobbes further said that the desire to acquire power never ended and thus it aggravated the state of war where everyone was trying to ensure that no one will stop them from fulfilling their desires of glory. Thus creating a situation favorable for long-term projects, like farming, industry, etc. became impossible. It was a situation of continuous fear and violence.Such a state called for some laws to be enforced. Hence, the need arose to have an authority that would enforce the laws of nature and help man to fulfill his desires in a more efficient way. This led to the signing of the Social Contract between men leading to the formation of a state as well as a sovereign. In such a state or commonwealth, as stated by Hobbes, men authorized a particular individual or a group of individuals to perform all actions. Moreover men also gave up certain rights on a condition that such rights were also given up by the entire multitude. Hobbes sovereign had absolute authority. His judgments and actions could not be questioned as this sovereign was not a part of the social contract. Opposing this sovereign meant opposing oneself as this sovereign represented the people itself. The only right that men had against this sovereign was the right to life or self-preservation. JOHN LOCKES THEORY OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT Initially, although John Locke (1632-1704) believed in the absolute power of the monarchy and religious uniformity, his stance changed drastically later. His changed stance is best put forward in the work Two Treatises of Government. Unlike, Hobbes for whom the state of nature is a state of war, Lockes state of the nature is the state of peace, Good Will, Mutual Assistance, and Preservation.  [4]  His theory brings out that man is a wise, sociable being who can judge the ill effects of going to war . It can be noted that Lockes has positive view of the state of nature and of human beings. Locke brings in the concept of private property which in all probability leads to inequalities of wealth. In order to ensure the security of the natural laws, and the inequality of wealth, man to enter into a community governed by a set of laws and the government. Locke disbelieves in censorship by the state, and says that state must exist and function separately from the people. The main goal of state is to ensure personal safety and protection of personal property rights. If it fails so he empowered people to revolt against the state, and, to go for a revolution if it abuses its authority. Hence Lockes view of government, which is not absolute, and is against that of Hobbes. The governments powers are limited to an extent where it starts encroaching on public good. JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAUS THEORY OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) remains one of the first thinkers to offer us a strong critique of modern social and political institutions in the name of the modern values of equality, liberty and democracy.  [5]   Rousseaus theory on the state of nature shows in progressive stages how men, from behaving like animals, transform themselves into a society. This society, according to Rousseau, is not civil at all as it gives rise to more corruption and negative feelings in Mans mind. Thus Rousseaus view point differs from Hobbes or Locke who believe in the transformation of men from the state of nature to a more civil society. Rousseau in his theory favours men in the state of nature in which they only have natural differences rather than having political, social or economic differences. But however we have no moral liberty in the state of nature, because we have not yet developed a moral sense. This moral sense can only be born in society, and we need to establish a society in which, not only do we preserve the liberty of the state of nature, but also provide the conditions for us to achieve moral freedom.  [6]  So in order to solve this problem men enter into a social contract. The new polit ical entity which is formed as a result of this contract reflects and works for the general will. This general will leads to the protection of individual liberty which as a corollary leads to the removal of economic, social and political inequality. Thus; Rousseau says; that it is only because of this general will that the sovereign is indivisible, inalienable and infallible.  [7]  Because of this people are ready to lay down even their right to self-preservation. This concept, as clearly seen, is a stark contrast to Hobbes and Lockes theory. In this way one sees that all three Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau differ in their theories of the Social Contract. All three of them start off by describing the state of nature and mans progression into civil society. Each philosopher agrees that before men came to govern themselves, they all existed in a state of nature. But, however, the reasons which force man into such a society differ from one author to the other. This, in turn, leads them to have a contrasting view point on the powers and duties of the sovereign as well the state. Despite the differences in their viewpoints, their theories have one common thread running through them which reflects that The Social Contract is the best way to maintain peace and order. Though this end propagated by them is the same, the means and prerequisite conditions differ. Despite their differences these three are regarded as the most influential political theorists in the world created a revolutionary idea of the state of nature

pearl harbor :: essays research papers

Naval base and headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, Honolulu county, southern Oahu Island, Hawaii, U.S. In U.S. history the name recalls the Japanese surprise air attack on Dec. 7, 1941, that temporarily crippled the U.S. Fleet and resulted in the United States' entry into World War 2. Pearl Harbor centres on a cloverleaf-shaped, artificially improved harbour on the southern coast of Oahu, 6 miles (10 km) west of Honolulu. The harbour is virtually surrounded (west to east) by the cities of Ewa, Waipahu, Pearl City, Aiea, and Honolulu. It has 10 square miles (26 square km) of navigable water and hundreds of anchorages and covers a land area of more than 10,000 acres (4,000 hectares). Its four lochs are formed by the Waipio and Pearl City peninsulas and Ford Island. Pearl Harbor Entrance (channel) connects its virtually landlocked bay with the Pacific Ocean. Pearl Harbor was called Wai Momi (â€Å"pearl waters†) by the Hawaiians because of the pearl oysters that once grew there. In 1840 Lieutenant Charles Wilkes of the U.S. Navy made the first geodetic survey and urged the dredging of the coral-bar entrance to the harbour. About 30 years later, Colonel John McAllister Schofield further recommended that the United States secure harbour rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A subsequent treaty (1887) granted the United States the exclusive use of the harbour as a coaling and repair station, but work was not begun until after 1898, when the Spanish-American War indicated its strategic value as a Pacific base. A naval station was established after 1908, and a drydock was completed in 1919. During the Pearl Harbor Attack in 1941 the USS Arizona sank with a loss of more than 1,100 men; a white concrete and steel structure now spans the hull of the sunken ship, which was dedicated as a national memorial on May 30, 1962.